American similarties to Rome :: essays research papers

American progress could conceivable end up like the Roman Empire. The Romans did a large number of very similar things that we are doing today directly before they fell. We are most likely not going to fall yet we are not as well as could be expected be. We should change our propensities before they become more terrible.      The Romans did numerous things that prompted their pulverization. They demolished their ethics by concentrating on the second and not stressing over what's to come. They took employments by acquiring captives to work at latifundias which caused vagrancy which brought down general wellbeing and made wrongdoing go up. Getting slaves additionally made them not have to progress in innovation which made different countries advance farther then the Romans. They likewise â€Å"sold† the seat of ruler to most elevated bidder.      In America we do numerous things that incredibly need improving. We disregard significant wellbeing dangers, for example, AIDs, heftiness, medicinal services, atomic squanders, and unlawful medications. We dump poisonous waste in our condition, spread like insane, and fill our TVs with viciousness and sexual substance. We burn through a large number of dollars and execute a large number of lives from our own nation in war and â€Å"conflicts.† We drop colossal bombs that slaughter many honesty individuals.      In the two countries there are a great deal of likenesses. The two of them have political debasement, for example, selling the head or giving high places of capacity to individuals that have an individual relationship with a higher force. They likewise share a high joblessness rate whether it is a result of re-appropriating or slave work. The two of them spend bunches of cash on the military due to unprotected outskirts or dangers.      America unmistakably has a few blames however the greater part of them can and ideally will be tackled.

Mexican Drug Cartel (Many vs Few) Essay Example

Mexican Drug Cartel (Many versus Few) Essay Name Teacher Course Date We will compose a custom paper test on Mexican Drug Cartel (Many versus Few) explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Mexican Drug Cartel (Many versus Few) explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Mexican Drug Cartel (Many versus Few) explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Mexican Drug Cartel The medications issue is one of the essential issues confronting the Mexican culture in its political, monetary, and social viewpoints. Mexico holds a tight grasp on the $400 billion worldwide unlawful medication exchange, with the nation enduring financial misfortunes of about $4.3 billion every year (Rios 1-2). At the focal point of this medication issue are the Mexican medication cartels, controlling the exchange at the national and worldwide levels. The weakening impacts of the illegal medication exchange on Mexico show the requirement for conversations on the issue. The current investigation thinks about the idea of Mexican medication cartels to the importance of cartel, before breaking down the ascent of Mexican medication cartels and related spikes in murder rates. A conversation of whether it is smarter to have a couple of huge cartels than a few dozen littler cartels at that point finishes up the examination. Cartel Definition: Comparison to Mexican Drug Cartels The business conceptualization of the term â€Å"cartel† is that it is a conventional understanding between autonomous firms that are in the equivalent or fundamentally the same as zones of financial movement, undertaking a conscious understanding among themselves to smother rivalry (McGowan 30). In a cartel, the organizations incline toward joint effort to rivalry with each other. The things of the understanding incorporate fixing of costs, assurance of absolute industry yield, and distribution of clients and pieces of the pie. Cartels for the most part rise in oligopolistic financial areas, where scarcely any makers produce comparable items and need to bring about overwhelming expenses to separate their items, which lead to diminished net revenues. Brux (255) refers to instances of cartels as including OPEC and De Beers, working in the oil and jewels industry, separately. Section into the deceitful understanding that embodies cartels speaks to a move to a monopolistic market , which impedes rivalry, forestalls new participants, and may hurt the client through changes in costs, flexibly, and quality. Accordingly, cartels have taken a negative hint, drawing in light of a legitimate concern for rivalry specialists. The Mexican medication cartels share various similitudes and contrasts with the previously mentioned meaning of cartels. The vast majority of the cartels started as leagues of dealers who united their endeavors to suppress opponents and control sedate exchange their domains (International Crisis Group 7). This landing in a consent to build showcase force and turf assignment is like the idea of a cartel. Nonetheless, different parts of the Mexican medication cartels repudiate the portrayed definition. For example, intra-cartel clashes and fighting show that the understanding among the dealer bunches isn't operational. The cartels are additionally incapable to set costs, other than participating in shifted crimes including grabbing, human pirating, coercion, robbery, vehicle burglary, oil robbery, and weapons dealing (8). These exercises challenge the idea of comparable monetary action and show that the purported Mexican medication cartels are a greater amount of transnational criminal associations than customary exchange cartels. The union of endeavors and criminal tendencies makes the Mexican gatherings a greater amount of criminal cartels that don't comply with all the normal parts of ordinary business cartels. The Rise of Mexican Cartels: Link to Increase in Homicides in Mexico The medication exchange industry Mexico is about exceptionally old, yet has encountered its most noteworthy development inside the last quarter of a century. Senior member et al. (9) follows the spike in the job of Mexico in the global illegal medication exchange to occasions during the 1980s. At that point, Colombia was the significant player in the worldwide medication dealing exchange. In any case, exceptional requirement by the U.S. Coast Guard obstructed the fundamental course of moving cocaine to the USA, which was through Florida utilizing airplane. The Colombian medication dealers looked for elective courses, building up coalitions with Mexican dealers. This is on the grounds that Mexico developed as the most suitable purpose of section for the Colombian medication exchanging associations, offering a course to Texas and Southern California. The partnerships included installments made in kind, which gave the Mexican dealing bunches control of their own stock (Beittel 8). With their own stock, Mexican medication exchanging associations step by step assumed control over the medication dealing business, advancing from being insignificant dispatches subcontracted by the Colombians to wholesalers who could hotspot for their own stock by the 1990s. The political scene of Mexico additionally permitted the ascent of medication exchange associations Mexico. During the 71-year rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that finished in 2,000, Mexico was under dictator, one-party rule. The PRI government dug in tranquilize exchange Mexico in light of the fact that the specialists endured and even secured sedate creation and dealing in certain locales. Dignitary et al. (8) contends that there was a working connection between the PRI and medication exchanging associations. The current medication exchanging associations at that point tried to work together in different partnerships that would permit more control and regional parts, prompting the age of different cartels. Expanded rivalry for control of the medication exchange was the purpose for the strengthening of existing cartels and jumping up of new ones. The International Crisis Group (7) noticed that the money gushing into the Mexican opiates business has prompted the fast ascent in influence of cartels during the 1990s and the 21st century. At the point when the one party rule under PRI finished, preventing existing cartels from claiming the dependability they once delighted in, the cartels fragmented considerably further. Accordingly, the most recent two decades have seen changes in the scene of Mexican medication cartels, from a couple of huge ones during the 1990s to including a lot more players other than the huge associations. Some portion of the purpose behind splinters in medicate cartels has been the crackdown by the administration inside the most recent decade, where the demise of pioneers has left cartels in chaos and disarray. Senior member et al. (9) depicts the adjustments in number and size of the medication cartels in Mexico after some time. Mexico’s seven fundamental medication cartels by 2006 were Sinaloa, Gulf, Tijuana/AFO, Juarez/CFO, Beltran Leyva, Los Zetas, and La Familia Michoacana (renamed Knights Templar). Nonetheless, a closer investigation uncovers that the Juarez cartel was once part of the Sinaloa gathering while Los Zetas is the in the past military wing of the Gulf cartel. The war on medicate cartels has prompted passings, for example, those of the pioneers of the Beltran Leyva cartel. Accordingly, neighboring gatherings have attempted to move in into the domains abandoned. Occasions of disarray have prompted the development of new cartels from realignments inside existing exchange gatherings and pioneers, prompting cartels, for exampl e, La Familia Michoacana. Ascend in Cartel Power and Link to Homicides Today, the seven primary cartels have divided into 9-20 with numerous reconfigurations proceeding to unfurl. The Mexican medication cartel scene uncovers two significant gatherings, Sinaloa and Los Zetas, with the remainder of the cartels and auxiliaries adjusting between the two previously mentioned cartels. The following in size and force after the two biggest ones incorporate Beltran Leyva, Knights Templar, and La Linea. The adjustments in setup have acted close by an expansion in the stakes and government paramilitary endeavors to upset the cartels in making the most recent decade witness a spike in murders. For this situation, the Mexican opiates business blasted as Mexican medication cartels oversaw the worldwide unlawful medication exchange industry, providing up to 93% of all opiates entering the USA (International Crisis Group 6). As the cartels began battling for control in the 21st century, the cash streaming into the business empowered them to buy weapons that are all the more impressive and pay pro hired gunmen. Inside a similar time, the Mexican government’s reaction to the medication issue has experienced organization of around 10,000 bureaucratic cops and almost 50,000 Mexican troopers to battle the cartels (Dean et al. 10). The blend of these three components has prompted a spike in tranquilize related savagery and manslaughters as caught in the accompanying charts. a b Figure 1: Estimates of medication related brutality for a) Baja California and b) Chihuahua states somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2009, indicating a spike in the viciousness in the last piece of the decade (Rios 8). The viciousness is either between cartel, involving battles for authority over regions and dealing courses among different cartels, or intra-cartel, where savagery ejects because of progression battles (Gonzalez 72-73). There were a disturbing 47,500 crimes somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2011 identified with Mexican medication cartels. In 2007 alone, there were 2,800 manslaughters, which dramatically increased in 2008 and afterward expanded by 40% in 2009. Somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2010, tranquilize cartel-related crimes expanded by 60%, with 2011 recoding as much as 12,903 murders by the second from last quarter of the year (Beittel 24-25). Figure 2: The medication cartel-related crime inclines somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2011, indicating a disturbing spike emerging from intra-cartel, between cartel, and government on cartel savagery (Beittel 25). Hardly any Large Cartels than Several Dozen Smaller Cartels As per Dean et al. (9), the administration intercession on the Mexican medication cartel issue may follow two procedures that have diverse present moment and long haul suggestions. In the principal approach, the administration may focus on the biggest medication partnerships, for example, the Sinaloa and Gulf cartels. Disb

Writing News Stories for the Web

Composing News Stories for the Web Journalism’s future is obviously on the web, so it’s significant for any hopeful writer to become familiar with the fundamentals of composing for the web. Newswriting and web composing are comparable from multiple points of view, so if you’ve done reports, figuring out how to compose for the web shouldn’t be hard. Here are a few hints: Keep It Short Perusing from a PC screen is more slow than perusing from a paper. So if news stories should be short, online stories should be significantly shorter. A general dependable guideline: web substance ought to have about half the same number of words as its printed proportional. So keep your sentences short and limit yourself to one primary thought for every passage. Short sections only a sentence or two each-look less forcing on a site page. Split It Up On the off chance that you do have an article that’s on the longish side, don’t attempt to pack it onto one website page. Split it up into a few pages, utilizing an obviously noticeable â€Å"continued on next page† interface at the base. Write in the Active Voice Recollect the Subject-Verb-Object model from newswriting. Use it for web composing also. S-V-O sentences written in the dynamic voice will in general be short and to the point. Utilize the Inverted Pyramid Sum up the primary concern of your article directly toward the beginning, similarly as you would in the lede of a report. Put the most significant data in the top portion of your article, the less significant stuff in the base half. Feature Key Words Use boldface content to feature particularly significant words and expressions. Yet, utilize this sparingly; on the off chance that you feature a lot of content, nothing will stick out. Use Bulleted and Numbered Lists This is another method for featuring significant data and separating pieces of content that might be getting excessively long. Use Subheads Subheads are another approach to feature focuses and separate content into easy to use pieces. In any case, keep your subheads clear and instructive, not â€Å"cute.† Use Hyperlinks Wisely Use hyperlinks to associate surfers to other website pages that are identified with your article. Be that as it may, use hyperlinks just when required; in the event that you can sum up the data compactly without connecting somewhere else, do as such.

College Interview Advice

College Interview Advice February 15, 2013 If your child is a blob, he or she should not go on college interviews (picture from Wikipedia). Since its college interview season for Regular Decision applicants, we wanted to give college interview advice to students who arent necessarily great interviewers. If youre a blob, dont interview. Blobs, as defined now, are students who show no demonstrable personality, who dont interact well with people, and dont leave a positive impression in peoples minds. If asked about their favorite activity, maybe theyll say chess club. But they wont expand further on that answer. If an interviewer makes a joke even if its not funny they wont even make an attempt to laugh because their social skill-set is depleted. These students are out there maybe youre even wondering if your son or daughter fits this description. Its possible they do. And if they do, they should absolutely not interview for colleges! If your child is a blob, we urge parents and students not to pick up their phones from any number they dont already recognize around this time of year. Because interviewers either call or email. Emails can be ignored. With calls, you have to be careful not to accidentally pick up. So before this call comes in, perhaps you should discuss with your child if they think theyd interview well. If they do but you dont, a little push might go a long way. Having a bad college interview can indeed hurt their chances for admission, even though the college interview isnt one of the biggest factors in admission to highly selective colleges. If your child is insistent upon interviewing, then at least check out our video on what not to do on college interviews. We imagine they make some of these key mistakes. Its better to have no interview than a terrible interview. If you think you may come across as a blob or if your parents do then we urge you to avoid phone calls from numbers you dont know in the coming weeks. Play it one step ahead of the folks who want to interview you!

Antigone - 1899 Words

Antigone and Ismene are were given the same opportunity for redemption. If this play is looked at from a contextual point a view, we could say that the respect for the Gods and afterlife was the number one priority. During the first scene of the play Antigone, we see the character differences of Antigone and Ismene as they take different stances on what to do about polyneceis. Antigone and Ismene have different motivations for their actions in life, which come from their value of human life or the afterlife. Citatiation : Antigone: There it is, and now you can prove what you are: a true sister, or a traitor to your family. Ismene: Bury him! You have just said the new law forbids it. Citation Antigone: I say that this crime†¦show more content†¦I too have a duty that I must discharge to the dead (886). There is a new fear of what will happen to her in the afterlife, as opposed to what will happen to her in the present, which shows us that Ismene is now acting only in reaction to what she believes she should fear the most. Her fears dictate her actions at this point, which contrasts with Antigones steadfast nature and makes her perceived as courageous and noble for burying her brother while being aware of the consequences of her decisions. I should have praise and honor for what I have done (885). Antigone is standing up to the king by challenging his authority. She has no doubts about her stand point. When Antigone is questioned by the King again, she doesnt deny any of her actions; regardless of the power her uncle has over the preservation of her life. Never the less, there are honours due all the dead (886). She believes that her actions were jus t and willingly accepts the consequences, as her conversation corners king Creon causing him cursing Antigone if you must have your love, Find it in Hell! (886). She stands strong against King Creon because she holds such strong convictions for her beliefs, and unlike her sister Ismene, would not be swayed by fear of punishment, or even death. The strong convictions towards the afterlife are easilyShow MoreRelatedAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1525 Words   |  7 Pagesnothing that the gods demand† (1349-1350). Sophocles’ Antigone takes place in a trying time for the city of Thebes, when Oedipus, their king, and most of the royal family have died, and Creon has just been appointed the new king. Throughout the play, Creon tries on his power as the new ruler, and seems to believe that the gods will not be angry with some of his choices as king, even though they directly violate the divine law. However, in Antigone, when there is a conflict between the divine law andRea d Moreantigone987 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia and lastly they need to realize their mistakes and accept their consequences. In Antigone, there are two main characters that fit the criteria of a tragic hero, but only the protagonist, Antigone meets all of the conditions. Antigone meets the second requirement of a tragic heroine, by fulfilling the criteria of being neither entirely good nor completely bad. In the opening of the play, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene to help her give Polynieces a proper burial but Ismene disagrees becauseRead MoreThe Choices Of Antigone And Sophocles Antigone1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Antigone and Creon face in Sophocles’ Antigone differ, their decisions often end up pitted against each other’s, inviting comparison. Since I am juxtaposing the characters’ degrees of rightness, I believe that the rightness of the reasoning, not just their ultimate stances, should be examined. The entirety of his or her argument, not just the conclusion, must be taken into account. I’ll also note that my perspective of rightness could and does conflict with that of the gods in Antigone and SophoclesRead MoreCharacterization of Antigone in Sophocles Antigone2448 Words   |  10 PagesSophocles’ tra gic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issues involved in the characters of Creon and Antigone. But the issues areRead MoreAntigone Summary771 Words   |  4 Pagesunburied to rot. Antigone was dejected with Creon’s ruling and decided to bury Polynices herself. She tried to enlist Ismene to help her, but Ismene was to afraid. Antigone furiously continued with the plan on her own. A sentry discovered Antigone and brought her to Creon. Ismene was also brought to Creon and confessed that she had helped Antigone with the burial rites of Polynices. Antigone stopped Ismene and told her not to admit to an act that she had not committed. Antigone took sole responsibilityRead MoreAntigone2454 Words   |  10 PagesAntigone– The Characterization Sophocles’ tragic drama, Antigone, presents to the reader a full range of characters: static and dynamic, flat and round; they are portrayed mostly through the showing technique. In â€Å"Sophocles’ Praise of Man and the Conflicts of the Antigone,† Charles Paul Segal takes the stand that there are two protagonists in the drama (which conflicts with this reader’s interpretation): This is not to say that there are not conceptual issuesRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead More Antigone Essay3001 Words   |  13 PagesSUBJECT Antigone is a play about a woman who disobeyed the Kings order to not bury her brother. The play was written by the famous Greek tragedian, Sophocles, in 441 B.C. The story took place in the city of Thebes and the time period is not mentioned. The main characters introduced in the play are of Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon. The primary focus was centered on Antigone and the consequences she faces after breaking the Kings orders. In the beginning, the author introduced Antigone and herRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesimprudent judgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitysRead MoreAntigone by Sophocles622 Words   |  3 PagesIn the playwright Antigone by Sophocles, the characters reveal their values while exposing a life lessons through their actions, dialogue, thoughts ,and effects on others. Antigone starts with two brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, being killed at battle. Creon, the king of Thebes, declares that Eteocles’ death will be h onored and Polyneices’ dishonored. He instead will lay unburied to become the food of animals. When the play opens, Antigone takes Ismene, Antigone and Ismene are sisters of the dead

Othello the Noble Savage Essay - 1893 Words

Othello: The Noble Savage There are many opposing views to the way that Othello is defined within Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello. Some suggest that Othello is a savage Moor, and at no point is he the noble Venetian he attempts to portray himself as. Others suggest that Othello is the noble Venetian he portrays himself as, and his ultimate demise stems directly from Iago being a savage. Yet some agree that Othello is both the noble Venetian and the savage Moor, unable to fully interpolate himself into the Venetian paradigm, but becoming, rather, a noble savage. When the play begins, Othello is introduced as a military leader and a Christian, both characteristics of a noble Venetian. According to Bell: †¦show more content†¦Desdemona unknowingly supports the idea that Othello is, in fact, a savage, and that it was the savage that she was attracted to. When Othello recounts the way in which he came to woo Desdemona, he tells Brabanzio and the Duke: I spoke of most disastrous chances, Of moving accidents by flood and field, Of hair-breadth scapes ith imminent deadly breach, Of being taken by the insolent foe And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence, And portance in my travellers history... These things to hear Would Desdemona seriously incline... Shed come again, and with a greedy ear Devour up my discourse... When I did speak of some distressful stroke She gave me for my pains a world of kisses She swore in faith `twas strange, `twas passing strange, `Twas pitiful, `twas woundrous pitiful. She wished she had not heard, yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man... She loved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her that she did pity them. This only is the witchcraft I have used (1.3.133-68). Desdemona believes that Othello is, in fact, a noble for the heroic acts that Othello has performed. As Bell suggests: It is the heroic character Othello has made for himself that achieves his success in his wooing. He makes Desdemona put aside the prerequisites of class and race assumed for her appropriate suitor (4). Iago,Show MoreRelatedThe Protagonist in Willima Shakespeare ´s Othello810 Words   |  4 PagesThe central character, or protagonist, in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, The Moor of Venice is Othello. Aristotle defined the concept of a tragic hero as the destruction of a noble person, usually with a personal flaw, and this flaw determines their fate. Othello is a tragic hero with a tragic flaw in one of Shakespeare’s most known tragedies. Shakespeare so prominently exhibits the tragic flaw Othello obtains, allowing implications and thoughts, to overrun reality and show how just the insecurityRead MoreSocial Context of Othello667 Words   |  3 Pagesproduction of William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello.† The famous playwright was in the midst of his tragedy period, penning such classics as â€Å"Hamlet,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Macbeth.† The story of â€Å"Othello† has its roots in the historical events and cultural atmosphere of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It was a common practice of playwrights at the time to borrow or lift plot ideas from other preexisting stories, and Shakespeare was no exception to the rule. The plot of â€Å"Othello† most closely resembles a 1565Read MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Othello889 Words   |  4 Pagessaw as issues in their respective cultures and societies. William Shakespeare in one of his most famous plays Othello lies out a problem which he thought was pertinent enough for him to deal with directly, that is the problem of race. Othello was a Moor, a man of African descent who was put in a hostile situation by being put in Venice a primarily white society. The role of race in Othello and the kind of language used by Shakespeare throughout the play point towards Othello’s race and how othersRead MoreExamples Of Othello As A Revenge Tragedy1022 Words   |  5 PagesSeneca. Aristotle advocated three primary pillars for the construction of a classic tragedy: harmartia, catharsis a nd anagnorisis. Among these were other criteria such as a noble but respectable hero and a moment of peripeteia. The intertwining of jealousy, deception, murder, suicide and scheming in William Shakespeare’s Othello creates a strong base for a classic revenge tragedy. It is also not only Shakespeare’s adherence to these traditional conventions but rather his ability to manipulate and transformRead MoreLooking at Othello as a Tragic Hero Essay example1008 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at Othello as a Tragic Hero Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. Othellos death brings a sense of justice to the play, one of the main forms and conventions of a tragedy. But if Othello is a tragedy then Othello must be a tragic hero. Traditionally a tragedy follows the downfall of an individual who is usually high up in society (such as a king). This downfall is triggered by a fatal flaw in the tragic heros character. During the play the audienceRead MoreOthellos Tragic Flaw Essay example1082 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Othello enhance the settings, characters, and themes. Othello, an intricate tragedy about good versus evil, loyalty, love, sexual jealousy, and appearance versus reality, is told in a first person point of view. The play is entitled Othello and the plot and action encompasses him, thus supporting his position of protagonist. The play takes place during the Renaissance in Venice, Italy and in Cyprus over three days. The opening scene of Othello is very dramatic Read More William Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello as a Victim Not All Works Cited Included In Othello Shakespeare shows that Othello is victimised in many ways, for instance; his race, his culture, his social position and naÃÆ' ¯ve. Othellos victimisation could also show Shakespeares meaning of the term tragedy. In other Shakespearean tragedies the lead character is shown as cunning, ruthless and manipulative, more similar to Iago than Othello. This could represent a change in Shakespeares Read MoreThe Character of Othello Essay609 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Othello As the play progresses, Othello’s character goes through many changes which happen as a result of him falling victim to Iago’s evil schemes. At first he is introduced as an army general who is respected for what he does but still discriminated against for being black. Othello is a victim to racism throughout the play. He is often referred to as â€Å"the Moor† even by his beloved Desdemona and is also called by more offensive terms. Iago uses animalRead MoreIago : The Rhetorician Conspirator1680 Words   |  7 PagesDavin Truong Professor Bains English Writing 301 11/13/14 Iago: The Rhetorician Conspirator In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolicallyRead MoreIago, By William Shakespeare1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago is arguably the most heinous villain in all of literature. His ability to shape shift in and out of character is what makes him unique. His tactics are similar to that of a cold blooded chameleon. Iago’s art of persuasion, his mastery of rhetoric as well as his ability to sense his victims’ insecurities and weaknesses, is what makes him so diabolically ruthless. Throughout the play, one can truly see the power of words and their delivery,

Addressing the Current Energy Crisis with Multi-Dimensional Approaches free essay sample

That there are patent differences defining the respective directions onto which the campaigns of both Senators Barack Obama and John McCain have thread constitutes a plain case of truism. But against the backdrop of an impending global energy crisis, the differences between the two candidates become even more accentuated. Both camps, for instance, have continued to differ in approaching. The Food and Energy Act of 2007 – i.e., â€Å"the legislation (which) mandates a five-fold increase in the production of ethanol, a renewable energy resources, from 7.5. billion gallons in 2012, to 36 billion in 2022† (Frumkin 84). To be sure however, the crux of the matter lay not in the palpable differences which can be gleaned from the respective frames of the two presidential candidates as the mammoth range of the global energy crisis which the Americans currently face. Thus, the roadmap of this paper is to, in view of the foregoing, propose a comprehensive energy policy which hopes to address the issues pertinent not only to energy crisis but also to the corollary ramifications of the said problem, which include, but are not limited to global warming and food shortage. The Comprehensive Energy Act: A Proposal At the heart of this policy proposal is the inception of various Federal and State legislations which, metaphorically, drift consistent with two reasoned forces – the centrifugal and centripetal directions. It is on the one hand exploratory or outward-moving because the country needs to come up with a broad corpus of laws which collectively address the energy crisis by exploring on the possibilities of renewable energy sources. On the other hand, the proposal is at the same time restrictive or inward-bound in that it seeks to contain the ugly impact of the current crisis with laws that help curb industrial and/or residential energy wastage and soften its impact on the environment. The two-thronged nature of this policy is the reason why this proposal is essentially called comprehensive – i.e., all encompassing. In the first place, this Comprehensive Energy Act, with a controlling sense of urgency, enacts appropriate short-term and long-term solutions to address the pressing problem. According to Vivien Walt, because the predicted exponential surge in energy demands – â€Å"from today’s 85 million barrels a day to about 116 million barrels a day in 2030† – renders the industrial expansion economically unsustainable, the world requires viable energy sources save for its fast depleting fossil fuels (Oil Prices, It Gets Worse). The government of the United States, undeniably, appreciates the full weight of this grim prospect; which is why, it has delved into accruing energy from alternative sources – such as biofuels, geothermal, hydropower, solar and wind – whose aggregate generation presently comprise more than 10% of the country’s overall energy production (Renewable Energy Tops 14). That being said, there are good reasons to think that the current rate of renewable energy production is not commensurate to the energy needs of the country, whether at present or the near future. For this reason, this proposed Comprehensive Energy Act is framed to give government authorities the mandate to invest on, or lure private investments into projects that explore alternative energy sources. Ultimately, the said proposal hopes to yield an aggregate production of alternative energy which can cover about 50% of the country’s entire energy needs in the next 10 years. But any reasoned efforts to avert the crisis through welcome alternative-energy exploration, if not coupled with judicious initiatives to address the equally compelling ramifications ensuing from such initiatives, would be just as self-defeating in the long run. Chief to these concerns lies in making sure that the conversion of arable lands into biofuel fields does not engender massive food shortage. In the United States, it is believed that some 20% of its entire corn production was reserved to produce ethanol last year; and this, in turn, resulted to a significant increase in the prices of corn and its by products (Magdoff ). Herein it would be wise to speak of this case as a precursor to a bigger food problem shortage if left unchecked. Thus, the Comprehensive Energy Act proposal, in view of such felt need, shall identify the limit of the conversion of croplands for biofuel use, so as to make sure the noble purpose of alternative-energy exploration does not translate into food shortages. In addition, issues relative to environmental degradation and global warming are cases that likewise merit considerable attention. Since the high dependence on fossil fuels have resulted to damages in the ozone layer, the proposed Comprehensive Energy Act attempts to reduce carbon emission by half or more through the following: first, making electric power cars and trucks, as well as mass railway systems, as commonplace – instead of being considered merely as viable alternatives – means of transportation for most Americans; second, by creating technologies that can help reduce carbon production of coal powered plants (Alexander 43); and third, by giving average Americans tax incentives for showing considerable progress in energy conservation in whatever means possible. Conclusion Hence, this paper briefly concludes that any attempt to address the present energy crisis of this country needs to frame a corpus of legislations that explores a sufficient amount of renewable sources of energy on the one hand, as well as contain the ramifications of the protracted use of fossil fuels on the environment and natural resources on the other hand. If truth be said, the challenges are surely daunting; but they certainly are not impossible to transcend. The hope of building a brighter future for humanity is the ultimate goal of this paper’s proposal. References Walt, V. â€Å"Oil Prices: It Gets Worse†. Time Magazine, November 07, 2007. 02 November 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1681362,00.html. Magdoff, F. â€Å"The World Food Crisis. Sources and Solution†. Monthly Review, May 2008. 02    November 2008 http://www.monthlyreview.org/080501magdoff.php. Frumkin, P. â€Å"McCain Versus Obama. Industry Weighs the Anticipated Impact of Both Victories†. Nation’s Restaurant News, 13 October 2008. â€Å"Renewable Energy Tops 10 Percent of U.S. Production†. Southwest Farm Press, 16 October    2008. Alexander, L. â€Å"A New Manhattan Project for Clean Energy Independence†. Issues in Science    and Technology, Summer 2008, 39-44.

NIKE †Channel conflict

Executive summary NIKE Company that deals in the designing and manufacture of sportswear sports items evolved from the BRS Company, which was established in 1964 by Phil Knight. He decided to establish the company after recognizing that the U.S. market was too much dependant on imported footwear items.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIKE – Channel conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, the company has grown to become a global market leader in supplying sports shoes to its customers. Despite of its wonderful growth, the company experienced channel conflict when it decided to launch its products to be available for online retail in 1999. This channel conflict was mainly due to the clashing objectives of the channel members, its traditional channel members declined to keep pace with the changing times, and channel members failed to accomplish their obligations. This led to negative impacts on the effectiveness of the channel, reduced partner loyalty to principals, and erosion of customer satisfaction. Therefore, to avoid undesirable outcomes, the problem can be addressed adequately by engaging the services of an external consultant to come up with a number of proposed solutions that can benefit the organization in the long run. The success of the proposed solutions can be evaluated through analyzing the behavioral performance of the channels and distinguishing forewarning signs of unacceptable performance within the channels. Introduction In 1964, Phil Knight, a Stanford MBA student, started the BRS (Blue Ribbon Sports) Company with the intention of manufacturing high-quality shoes for the people in America. He recognized that the U.S. market was too much dependant on footwear imports; therefore, he started trading in these imported shoes. Eventually, the company evolved into NIKE. Over the next thirty-five years, the company expanded tremendously. Its fast growth was ba sed on a consistent and a logical strategy: â€Å"to capitalize on the importance of sports in people’s lives and to be identified with competition and victory in consumer minds† (Stanford University, 2000, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Situated in Oregon, NIKE, was distinguishing itself as an outstanding apparel company that aimed at fulfilling the varied needs and requirements of its customers throughout the whole world. The company embraced internal collegiality and outward competitiveness in its organization culture. This initiative was largely due to the contribution of his founder, Phil Knight. Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, NIKE, was distinguishing itself as an outstanding apparel company that aimed at fulfilling the varied needs and requirements of its customers throughout the whole world. The company embraced internal collegiality and out ward competitiveness in its organization culture. This initiative was largely due to the contribution of his founder, Phil Knight. The company’s marketing strategy focuses on portraying it as a premium-brand that trades in stylish and luxurious sports equipment. It attracts it worldwide clients by embracing a marketing strategy based on its brand image. This is realized by having a distinguishing logo as well as the advertising slogan: â€Å"Just do it,† and it lures customers to purchase its sports equipment by establishing long-term relationships with mega stars such as Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods, and other distinguished teams around the world. In addition, its marketing mix consists of advertising, sponsoring sports events, and sponsoring celebrity athletes to use their products. Besides the controversies that surrounded its advertising campaigns, the company has proved that it is highly focused since it has paid more attention on building core corporate functio ns and expanding to other newer markets around the world. Problem Diagnosis Similar to other consumer products, the trade in sports equipment attracted several business persons who wanted to engage in ecommerce. Therefore, they wanted to make adequate use of the available opportunity in order to benefit from the advance in technology. Nike was not left behind in this new development. Originally, the nike.com website was established in late 1996 for the sole purpose of interacting with NIKE clients; there were no intentions of starting internet trading. However, in the following years, the company’s internet strategy transformed drastically. By early 1999, the company started to engage in e-commerce by launching some of its test products online and by the mid of the same year, the company had entered full-scale in e-commerce. However, as the year drew to a close, the company found itself at crossroads concerning the ambitious e-commerce initiative that it had launched at the b eginning of the year.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIKE – Channel conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was experiencing a severe crisis of inequitable channel relationships that resulted in channel conflict (Lamb et al., 2009).The members within its distribution network were not agreeing in goals and methods to use for them to reach the global network of NIKE’s customers (Cullorta, Lynn, n.d.) This situation that faced the designer and manufacturer of sports equipment resulted when its traditional channel members declined to keep pace with the changing times. The advent of e-commerce had forced NIKE to make some of its products available online. The destructive horizontal channel conflict that nike.com was facing can be attributed to a variety of conditions and factors. Usually, the crisis is seen when the different channel members have clashing objectives. For instance, in thi s case, the online retailers wanted to reach as many consumers as possible with the products they were advertising on their websites. However, they were not paying attention whether the products are manufactured by NIKE or its ardent competitors. Nevertheless, Mary Kate Buckley, the general manager of nike.com, wanted the company to realize a targeted sales volume and market share within each market segment. As a result of coming up with an online strategy, NIKE embraced e-commerce which has made its chain of business relationships with other traditional retailers to scramble and become confused. Part of the reason why NOKIA is experiencing this problem can be traced to the overproduction of its products (Dahui et al., 2006; Rosenberg Stern, 1970). As the company invents newer versions of its sports equipment and transforms its marketing trend, channel clash is an inevitable consequence. Channel conflict arises when individual channel members do not accomplish their obligations so as to meet the expectations of other channel members (Hardy Magrath, 1989). For instance, some athletic footwear retailers were not abiding by the rules established by NIKE. Consequently, the quality of NIKE products was not adequately meeting the requirements of its customers. In some other situations, there was communication breakdown between the channel members, which hindered the viability of the distribution network.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though some minimal levels of horizontal channel conflict is beneficial for an organization, when it is managed adequately, if this problem that NIKE is facing is not sufficiently addressed, it can lead to a number undesirable outcomes (Bucklin et al., 1997; Shavit, 2007). This problem can lead to severe negative impacts on the effectiveness of the channel (Hopkinson, 1997). The different channel partners and principals’ proceeds can also feel the pinch of this problem. These undesirable outcomes may make channel partners to stir up. When the conflict is very much pronounced, it can result in reduced partner loyalty to principals. Since in this case, the delicate balance between market coverage and conflict has been lost, the resulting undesirable conflict is able to erode the satisfaction of the customers concerning the products of NIKE. This is because clients will begin experiencing unnecessary purchasing costs in a situation when they are compelled to deal with mult iple channels which are providing basically similar solutions concerning sales solutions, and as the competing channels commence on concentrating on simple methods of winning sales in a conflict situation, they would ignore other important obligations. If the problem is not addressed sufficiently, it can back into the organization. Therefore, it can begin to affect some internal measures of operating effectiveness and the ultimate success of nike.com. In a situation in which a clash affects a direct sales force resulting in decreased productivity, an organization can experience increased management costs since the sales managers will be compelled to manage by exception and their will be increased turnover since the sales representatives will start reacting to conflict (Goldkuhl, 2007). To solve this problem amicably, NIKE needs to engage the services of an external consultant. This is because the consultant will be compensated only for the work or time taken when solving the problem . This will reduce the expenses of the company since it will not have to cater for other benefits that employees enjoy such as sick leave and paid holidays. Since the consultant will not be an employee of NIKE per se, the contract can be ended any time without dire consequences like facing the feared Employment Tribunal. More so, since the consultant has adequate expertise in solving channel conflict issues, he or she will be better placed to handle the situation as compared to an ordinary employee of the company. Proposed solution for the client After discovering that destructive channel conflict poses a potential threat to the existence of NIKE, the next question appertains to the solutions that can be implemented to avert the disaster from taking place. However, before the solutions can be implemented, NIKE must take drastic action to identify which particular conflicts poses a threat to its online retailing business. This involves identifying if the channels are actually making efforts to serve the interests of its customers, and distinguishing whether the channels are in conflict or they are deriving benefits from one another (Hopkinson, 1997; Lynn Kaarst, 1999). Others are identifying the exact cause of reduction in profits since poor operations in a channel can also be a factor, and lastly assessing if the decline in one channel is able reduce its overall proceeds. Distinguishing whether channels are in conflict is important because in some situations they assist in expanding product usage or building the company’s corporate brand image. For example, NIKE’s creation of NIKETown superstores is a forward-integrated strategy, which has improved its brand awareness and reputation. Therefore, it has made the organization to have increased control over its brand image which took a lot of time and considerable effort to build. Despite the fact that the rivalry superstores initially drew back, the advent of the new store increased the returns of the company almost in every channel that it was established in. After identifying the channels that threatens its existence, NIKE will be able to distinguish the dangerous channel conflicts and adopt appropriate solutions in order to avert the possibility of a channel disaster (Eliashberg Michie, 1984; Digital River Inc., 2000). In this instance, proposed solutions include redesigning the channel structure so as to concentrate on the sports equipment being sold and the varied client needs, instituting equally agreeable and focused business objectives with the channel partners, establishing effective communication within the channels, and developing particular channel products that are not easily accessible to other channels. These proposed solutions will ultimately benefit NIKE. This is because they will ensure that its specific client’s requirements within particular channels are met, partner agreements are as clear as possible hence avoiding unnecessary clashes, and all pa rtners will be included in all the business-planning events (Lee, Lee, Larsen, 2003; Rosenbusch, 2008.). In achieving the desired outcomes, the challenges that can be experienced include, but not limited to, and some partners may be unwilling to give up the practice of discounting, some sales representatives may not be happy of the changes due to the benefits they have been getting. Additionally, some customers may have been accustomed to particular channels; therefore, the change may not go well with them. The implementation plan for these proposed solutions is scalable and flexible since it is long enough for NIKE’s clients to react positively but also short enough in order to establish some client urgency. This involves outlining strategic actions to be undertaken, giving roles and responsibilities to different people, laying down the intended completion date, laying down the projected outcomes, and assessing the impact of the solutions to be implemented (Wheeler Hirsh, 1999). The success of the solutions can be gauged through analyzing behavioral performance by the use of appropriate role audits. In addition, the channels can be evaluated on a constant basis in order to single out forewarning signs of unacceptable performance within the channels. References Bucklin et al., 1997. Channel conflict: when it is dangerous? The McKinsey Quarterly, 1(3), pp. 1-4. Cullorta, C. Lynn, F., How to tell when channel conflict is destructive white paper. Frank Lynn Associates, Inc. Web. Dahui et al., 2006. Why Do Internet Users Stick with a Specific Web Site? A Relationship Perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 4(10): pp. 105-141. Digital River Inc., 2000. Managing Channel Conflict in the Online Environment. Digital River Inc. Web. Eliashberg, J. Michie, D. A., 1984. Multiple Business Goals Sets as Determinants of Marketing Channel Conflict: An Empirical Study. Journal of Marketing Research, 21(1): pp. 75-88. Goldkuhl, L., 2007. Multiple marketing channel conflict with a focus on the Internet : a dual perspective. Lulea: Lulea University of Technology. Hardy K. G. Magrath A. J., 1989. Dealing with cheating in distribution. European Journal of Marketing, 23(2): pp.12-4. Hopkinson, G. C., 1997. Channel conflict : critical incidents or telling tales: methodologies compared. Bradford : University of Bradford Management Centre Lamb et al., 2009. Essentials of marketing. Mason Ohio: Cengage learning. Lee, Y., Lee, Z., Larsen, K. R. T., 2003. Coping with internet channel conflict. Communications-ACM, 46 (7): pp. 137-142. Lynn, M. Kaarst B., 1999. Five symbolic roles of the external consultant – Integrating change, power and symbolism. Journal of organizational change management, 12(6), pp.540-561. Rosenbusch, J., 2008. Managing channel conflict. Education channel partner. Web. Rosenberg, L. J. Stern, W. L., 1970. Toward the Analysis of Conflict in Distribution Channels: A Descriptive Model. The Journal of Market ing, 34(4): pp.40-46. Shavit, Y., 2007. How to sell technology in the IT channel. Search IT Channel. Web. Stanford University, 2000. NIKE-Channel Conflict. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University. Web. Wheeler, S. Hirsh, E., 1999. Channel champions : How leading companies build new strategies to serve customers. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. This essay on NIKE – Channel conflict was written and submitted by user Sonia Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Seasonal Affective Disorder

Introduction: In the recent years interest in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has grown dramatically. The disorder, also known as winter depression, has a recurrent pattern of fall/winter onset and spring remission. Since the beginning of contemporary investigation into SAD, it has been compellingly related to seasonal change in sunlight. Historical Overview: Observations that affective illnesses are sensitive to seasonal and environmental influence was key to ancient theories about the origins of disease. In 460-370 B.C. Hippocrates taught that â€Å"it is cheifly the change of seasons which produce diseases, and in the seasons the great changes from cold to heat,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p. 13). In the 4th century A.D. Posidonius summarized the views of many ancient physicians when he noted that mania is â€Å"an intermittent disease, which proceeds through a periodical circuit†¦.It repeats itself once a year or more often†¦..Melancholy occurs in autumn whereas mania occurs in summer,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p.14). There are many early desriptions of patients who were probably suffering from SAD. According to Norman E. Rosenthal, one of the earliest noted examples of individuals with seasonal affective disorder are from the 17th century. Ann Grenville (1642-1691), suffered for numerous years from â€Å"regularly recurring winter depressions and summer manias,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p.14). In 1825, the French psychiatrist Esquirol described a male patient from Belgium who for three consecutive winters had suffered depressive episodes, which lifted in the spring. The psychiatrist advised the patient to spend the following winter in Italy, and his winter depression resulted much milder (Partonen, p.3). In 1946, the German physician, Hellmut Marx, recognized winter depression in four men during an Arctic winter and even described the overeating that often accompanies the condition. Marx identified the lack of light as a... Free Essays on Seasonal Affective Disorder Free Essays on Seasonal Affective Disorder Introduction: In the recent years interest in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has grown dramatically. The disorder, also known as winter depression, has a recurrent pattern of fall/winter onset and spring remission. Since the beginning of contemporary investigation into SAD, it has been compellingly related to seasonal change in sunlight. Historical Overview: Observations that affective illnesses are sensitive to seasonal and environmental influence was key to ancient theories about the origins of disease. In 460-370 B.C. Hippocrates taught that â€Å"it is cheifly the change of seasons which produce diseases, and in the seasons the great changes from cold to heat,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p. 13). In the 4th century A.D. Posidonius summarized the views of many ancient physicians when he noted that mania is â€Å"an intermittent disease, which proceeds through a periodical circuit†¦.It repeats itself once a year or more often†¦..Melancholy occurs in autumn whereas mania occurs in summer,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p.14). There are many early desriptions of patients who were probably suffering from SAD. According to Norman E. Rosenthal, one of the earliest noted examples of individuals with seasonal affective disorder are from the 17th century. Ann Grenville (1642-1691), suffered for numerous years from â€Å"regularly recurring winter depressions and summer manias,† (Rosenthal & Blehar, p.14). In 1825, the French psychiatrist Esquirol described a male patient from Belgium who for three consecutive winters had suffered depressive episodes, which lifted in the spring. The psychiatrist advised the patient to spend the following winter in Italy, and his winter depression resulted much milder (Partonen, p.3). In 1946, the German physician, Hellmut Marx, recognized winter depression in four men during an Arctic winter and even described the overeating that often accompanies the condition. Marx identified the lack of light as a...

Plagiarism is academic dishonesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism is academic dishonesty - Essay Example Writing is the fundamental source of knowledge which is vital for progress and development in all areas. Therefore, writing has to be original and the ownership must be declared. Avoiding plagiarism is also necessary in order to improve the validity of information. When an individual owns a piece of writing, he/she essentially becomes responsible for the credibility of information given therein. This paper tends to explore what plagiarism and academic dishonesty are and the factors that influence academic dishonesty. Literature Review Plagiarism Plagiarism can be defined as the act of taking and using an individual’s thoughts, inventions, or writings and presenting them as your own in your paper. It is an honesty concern and it entails attempting to persuade someone like a college professor that the piece of writing or the idea is your original work, when you are aware that someone else exactly used the thought you did (Cruey 1). In other words, plagiarism is a literary theft. It is the stealth of ideas as well as words. Plagiarized work creates confusions about the original ownership of the data.

Pedestrian and bicycle facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pedestrian and bicycle facilities - Essay Example Both regional and local authorities have the responsibility of planning, and implementi8ng cycling policies. National level commitment is essential for putting right the legal, regulatory, and financial framework that lead to successful implementation of cycling initiatives. This is the city in the region with a well advanced form of League of American Bicyclists Bicycle Friendly Community where bicycling is an important means of transport and recreational activity. According to the 2007-2011 American Community Survey, 4% of Newark households engage in bicycling for recreation (Delaware Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan Survey). It is a normal phenomenon that all cyclists at one time have felt to be invisible to motorists. Bike Delaware has provided the â€Å"intentional blindness† that addresses this phenomenon. Another issue of safety is the question as to why cyclists’ and pedestrians’ safety is termed as invisible to traffic engineers. Most traffic engineers pay close attention to road safety and traffic congestion. Despite this safety, little is realized on the ped/bike safety projects. The federal program called the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is responsible for funding Road Safety in Delaware. According to the data collected from the research, Delaware has spent more than $8 million HSIP dollars every year on road safety improvement projects but none focused on reducing pedestrian or cyclist fatalities. As a result, motor vehicle occupant fatalities have reduced while pedestrians’ fatalities have not. Cycling around Delaware University and Newark area is a favored means of transport to students, staff, faculty, and locals living in the area. Cyclists are assisted by the Newark Traffic Relief Committee (NTRC) that has prepared a Newark City Bicycle Map. The map shows cycling and pedestrian routes in the city and provides

Immanuel Kant - Metaphysics of Morals Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay In his publication, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant supplies his readers with a thesis that claims morality can be derived from the principle of the categorical imperative. The strongest argument to support his thesis is the difference between actions in accordance with duty and actions in accordance from duty. To setup his thesis, Kant first draws a distinction between empirical and a priori concepts. Empirical concepts are ideas we reach from our experiences in the world. On the other hand and in contrast, a priori concepts are ideas we reach as an end point of reasoning prior to or apart from any experience of how things occur in the world. Kant then claims that moral actions are supposed done for the reason of morality alone. This train of thought leads to the conclusion that an understanding of morality must be based on a priori concepts of reason. Truly moral ideas are then universally valid if and only if they are based on a priori concepts. From this idea of a priori concepts, Kant begins his thesis with the notion that the only thing in the world that is a qualified good is the good will, even if its efforts bring about a not necessarily good result. A good will is good because of the willing that is involved. Two main implications arise with this idea of the good will. The first implication is moral actions cannot have impure motivations. There are many impure motivations but Kant tends to focus mainly on the motives of the pursuit of happiness and self-preservation. Second, moral actions cannot be based on the speculations of the probable results. This action is not good in itself but good because it brought about a more desirable outcome. Thus, Kant arrives at the conclusion that for an action to be considered to have genuine moral worth its motive must be that of dutifulness to moral law. In Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant lays out three propositions about duty. The first is the will is a morally good action if it is done in accordance from duty, as opposed to an action done in accordance with duty. The second proposition is that actions are judged by the maxim or principle that was the motivation behind the action. If someone undertakes an action with the only motivation being that of a sense of duty, they are following a valid a priori action. On the other hand if they decide to undertake an action in order to bring about a desired result, then their motivation is one that is beyond mere duty. Kants third proposition then explains that is not the respect for the power of the law but rather it is the moral motivation of an individual who acknowledges that the law is an imperative of reason that trumps our other interests. The will, as Kant describes, is of practical reason. A rational being is an individual who has the capacity to execute their behavior by the conceptions of laws. This discipline of action is also known as the will. Our judgment that advises us on our action is known as an imperative or a command to act on a certain motive. An imperative can be either hypothetical or categorical. In the hypothetical imperative one acknowledges an action as right or necessary if it is a manner in which to obtain or achieve a certain goal. As such you would act on an action if a previous circumstance has taken place. These types of actions come from our previous experiences and counsel us to a way in which our desires can be achieved. Thus, an action cannot be held universally valid at all times if its goal is to acquire some objective of desire under a certain set of conditions. If the goal is ultimately happiness, we are unable to set any universally hypothetical imperatives for happiness. This is because the definition of happiness differs from person to person. One mans happiness can very well be another mans misery. As Kant explains, a binding moral law then cannot be equivalent or parallel to a hypothetical imperative. Pure reason comes from the ability to consider neither a motivating condition accompanying another nor its intended results. With that, we then need to find a principle with universal validity or a principle that is valid no matter what issue is being considered. A priori principles of reason are the only principles that fit this standard on which a judgment or decision may be based. Hence, Immanuel Kant formulates that a moral imperative is one that is an unconditional or categorical imperative. A categorical imperative is our moral consciousness to do our duty because we ought to do our duty instead of pursuing our own desires attached to the duty. Such an imperative is driven by pure reason. Because we exclude our desires or maxims, we need only to focus on the form of our imperative. The form needs to be universally applicable or valid for all rational beings to follow. Thus, Kant gives us only one categorical imperative and it is Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law (Kant pg. 38). This universal law of morality states that we should act in such a way that we could will the maxim of our action to become universally applicable. This should be used as the criterion to determine whether or not a maxim is morally valid. Before we are able to apply a maxim to this categorical imperative, it is required that the maxim first, be fit to be a law of nature and second, is based on a notion that all actions have ends. The second pertains to the idea that men and women are ends in themselves. No maxim that does not impose or imply respect as a necessary accompaniment for men and women can be a moral law valid for everyone. Third, we must see every rational being as able to make universal laws. Last, the maxim requires the moral agent to act as a lawgiving member of all persons. From these points, two important ideas arise. The ideas deal with the autonomy of the will and dignity of the individual. Each person is essentially their own lawmaker, obeying the laws that they give themselves as a rational being. A person is not bound to a law by fear or hope of some reward, but freely bound to it by their lawgiving ability. This moral will is autonomous. Autonomy, which means self-law, is the only way Kant believes an individual to achieve the ultimate freedom. If an individual obeys laws from some other lawgiver, such as God and government, because of fear of punishment or hope of reward, he or she is not truly free. I feel the strongest objection to this thesis is Kant does not take enough consideration to human beings natural emotions. I believe his thesis weighs to heavily on mere reason alone without any emphasis on the emotional component of our morality. Kants perception that morality is a chore neglects the fact that by performing actions from duty individuals can obtain a somewhat subtle level of personal gratification from partaking in such acts that are not generally enjoyable to execute. I am not thoroughly convinced that if you are able to gain some happiness and reward from an action that is not generally alluring. The strengths of my personal view rely on the possibility of achieving a feeling of reward by completing an obligation. I feel there is an importance of doing something with a smile on your face. If you are unhappy to perform a moral action it will to reveal outwardly or make apparent that your heart is elsewhere, thus, tainting the action. However, if you perform these tasks seeking a somewhat level of enjoyment others will notice that you truly care about what it is you are doing and perceive the action to be a notable one. The weakness is obviously that you will be more probable to engage and look to engage in more actions that will give you this appeal and instant gratification. This is not an ideal situation because placing a slight neglect to a duty or obligation that you might not find appeal in defeats the purpose of completing all of the obligations set for us to go through with. Kants thesis has strength in the fact that the universal law seems closely related to the golden rule, which is do on to others as you would have others do on to you. With a statement as such it is awfully arduous to not perform a moral action. The weakness still lies in the fact Kant takes little to no consideration to humans natural emotions and feelings. Leading a moral life does not have to be a melancholy life, one in which you are bound to an endless amount of duties that you can seek no joy in. Whether or not Kant intended to make morality seem like torture, it appears it comes off in this manner. Kants overall view of morality appears near flawless. If there was a manner in which he could have incorporated a leeway for some emotions, I feel his thesis is in actuality how each individual should lead his or her life. .

Huckleberry Finn †Morality :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn – Morality    Society establishes their own rules of morality, but would they be accepted in these days?    For example, throughout the novel "Huckleberry Finn ", Mark Twain depicts society as a structure that has become little more than a collection of degraded rules and precepts that defy logic. This faulty logic manifests itself early, when the new judge in town allows Pap to keep custody of Huck. "The law backs that Judge Thatcher up and helps him to keep me out o' my property." The judge privileges Pap's "rights" to his son over Huck's welfare. Clearly, this decision comments on a system that puts a white man's rights to his "property"--his slaves--over the welfare and freedom of a black man.    Whereas a reader in the 1880s might have overlooked the moral absurdity of giving a man custody of another man, however, the mirroring of this situation in the granting of rights to the immoral Pap over the lovable Huck forces the reader to think more closely about the meaning of slavery. In implicitly comparing the plight of slaves to the plight of Huck at the hands of Pap, Twain demonstrates how impossible it is for a society that owns slaves to be just, no matter how "civilized" that society believes and proclaims itself to be.    In addition, childhood has been described by the author, as an important factor in the theme of moral education: only a child is open-minded enough to undergo the kind of development that Huck does." It was a close place. I took...up [the letter I'd written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I know it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: "All right then, I'll go to hell"--Em dash intended here? and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming..."It, describes the moral climax of the novel. Jim has been sold by the Duke and Dauphin, and is being held by the Phelpses spending his return to his rightful owner.

Great Expectations so successful Essay

Pip almost breaks down in relief when Magwitch allows him to go, â€Å"I faltered†, he is relieved but still shaken. His childish imagination shows, when Magwitch is picking his way through the graves, â€Å"as if he were eluding the hands of the dead people†, he imagines very fearful images, that he will always relate to Magwitch and the events that have just taken place. Pip has more childish thoughts, and his imagination runs wild, and he imagines the convict â€Å"were the Pirate come to life†. His imagination makes the convict even more frightening to him. â€Å"It gave me a terrible turn when I thought so†, Pip is terrified by his own visions of the convict. Pip is very nai ve, â€Å"I looked all around for the horrible young man, and could see no signs of him†. Pip believes Magwitch’s story and his invented character, and is genuinely scared of the young man, which intimidates Pip even more, as this threat will stay with him long after Magwitch is out of sight. The setting almost always symbolizes a theme in Great Expectations, and throughout the book sets a tone matched to the dramatic actions. The misty marshes are used to symbolize danger and uncertainty. Throughout the chapter Dickens uses Pathetic Fallacy to give human traits to nature. At the beginning of the chapter the day is portrayed as â€Å"raw†, which gives the impression of it being a painful and isolated place. Dickens then gives you strong images of the churchyard, â€Å"bleak place overgrown with nettles†, this portrays the churchyard as uncared for, and that not many people venture there. Pip’s life outside of the churchyard, â€Å"dark flat wilderness beyond the churchyard†, is lonely and isolated, the â€Å"wilderness† is like Pips life which is lonely, and which does not have many people in it, he is uncared for, just like the churchyard. The sense of bleak isolation is reinforced by the low leaden line† of the river and the description of the sea which follows. The place is dark, bleak, and heavy. The â€Å"sea† is there almost as a lair, and a den. â€Å"Savage lair†, this is like a brutal animal attacking. Magwitch will come from such a lair, were other things are hiding, and waiting to attack to Pip, not only now, but in the future as well. Pip is isolated in the graveyard, â€Å"a mile or more from the church†, Pip is along way from home and safety, there is nobody around to hear or help him. Even though there is the terror of Magwitch turning Pip over, a short way away is the church, which shows the contrast of holiness and serenity to the evilness of Magwitch. The marshes are depressing and dark, â€Å"cold wet flat†, the marshes are welcoming for no one but animals. The scratching and stinging plants, â€Å"brambles that bound the green mounds†, shows that it is pain and misery that hold this place together. â€Å"When the rains were heavy, or the tide was in†, the marshes can be dangerous and life threatening. The marshes that were â€Å"just a long black horizontal line† are bleak and dark, and full of uncertainty and danger. Dickens uses Pathetic Fallacy to describe the sky, â€Å"just a row of long angry red lines†; he gives the sky the image of being angry and dangerous. â€Å"Red lines and dense black lines intermixed†, this a mix of red which represents danger, and black which represents death. Only two things on the marshes are tall and noticeable, â€Å"the only two black things in all the prospect that seemed to be standing upright†, everything else is flat and eerie like death. â€Å"The beacon by which the sailors steered†, this is a signal to help prevent danger, which shows there could be some safety mixed up in all of the danger. Dickens shows signs of barbarity of the contempory penal system everywhere. A gallows looms over Pip, â€Å"a gibbet, with some chains hanging to it†; this is a clear symbol of death and evilness. Everywhere Pip looks there are signs of death. In the whole of the novel as well as in this chapter, whenever Pip goes into the mists of the marshes, something dangerous is likely to happen. In the essay I have found that the convict is mainly portrayed by Dickens, as a frightening though believable character, who inflicts terror, anguish, pain, and distress. Despite these points though, at the end of the chapter, when Magwitch is ‘limping’ away, the reader feels some compassion for him. Magwitch is a very guarded person, and intrigues the reader, and makes them guess a lot of things about Magwitch’s character. Pip is a small defenseless little boy, who is exposed and vulnerable to the dangers of the world. The reader automatically feels concern, and sympathy for him. As soon as the action starts between Pip and Magwitch, Magwitch is portrayed as the bad person, and Pip as the good, the reader automatically sides with Pip, and you follow his feelings and emotions right through the chapter. The setting helps create the dismal, eerie, and bleak atmosphere. The overgrown churchyard helps to create the perfect setting for what is going on in the chapter, as it represents Pip’s feelings and emotions. Pathetic fallacy is found quite a lot in the chapter; it is used to give human traits to nature, e. g. ‘savage lair’. Pip’s life and world is the microcosm of the chapter, and contains in miniature all the features of the larger structure (macrocosm). Dickens chose the themes of the convict and crime, as these represent dishonesty, law breaking, and wrongdoing. He chose these images of the unacceptable and violent behavior, as the readers of the time would have had very strong vies on these. He also uses symbols such as the gallows, which people also associate with badness and law breaking. The theme of darkness and violence draws in the reader, and they become involved in everything that is going on in the chapter. Throughout the chapter Dickens uses different techniques such as the setting corresponding with feelings and emotions, and the great aspect of violence, to draw in the reader, and make them become more involved with the characters, and almost feel what they feel. Dickens skillfully leaves the chapter as a cliffhanger, making me (the reader) want to read more. Zara Smalley Page 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Parallel Web Pages in English and Regional Languages

Language identification of written text in the domain of Latin script based languages is a well-studied research area. However, new challenges arise when it is applied to non-Latin-script based languages, particularly for Asian languages web pages. Web page classification creates new research challenges because of the noisy nature of the pages. It’s no doubt that English has been the predominant language for the World Wide Web since its inception and so it’s usage is confined to a specific community of people have a good grasp of the English language. The serviceability factors of the Internet have proven to be beneficial to a highly educated society, because of the linguistic barrier. The solution to this problem is to provide web pages in regional languages. Our aim is to provide web pages in pairs, of Devanagari and English web pages if it exists. In order to provide parallel Web Pages in native language Hindi or Marathi on the fly we require classification of web p ages in Devanagari and English. We had experiment on 500 web pages in English and Devanagari web pages and could label it correctly. Keywords: Classification of Devanagari Web pages, UTF-8 Encoding . 1.Introduction With the explosion of multi-lingual data on the Internet, the need and demand for an effective automated language identifier for web pages is further increased. Web search in Indian languages is constantly gaining importance. With the fast growth of Indian language content on the web, manyShow MoreRelatedMy Name is Nobody: Postmodernism in Derek Walcotts The Schooner Flight1389 Words   |  6 Pagesimitation of a peculiar mask, speech in a dead language: but it is a neutral practice of such mimicry, without any of parodys ulterior motives, amputated of the satiric impulse† (Rose 18). 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